Getting Started¶

Let's create some simple scripts to understand the basic concepts.

Create a basic script¶

Execute jeka base: scaffold to create a basic Jeka structure.

This generates a jeka-src/Script.java file, which is an example of Java code invokable from command line.

class Script extends KBean {

    @JkDoc("Person to whom the greeting is intended")
    public String name = "World";

    @JkDoc("Print greeting on console")
    public void hello() {
        String greetings = "Hello " + name + " !";
        System.out.println(greetings);
    }

}

Tip

If you use IntelliJ, execute jeka intellij: iml to synchronize the IDE metadata. If IntelliJ does not reflect changes, execute jeka intellij: initProject By default, 'jeka-src' is declared as a test source folder of the Intellij module. You can make it live in its own module by executing jeka intellij: jekaSrcAsModule

Execute jeka hello. A Hello World message is printed on console.

Hello World !

Execute jeka hello name=JeKa. A Hello JeKa message is printed on console.

Hello JeKa !

Add a similar hi method in Script.java

public void hi() {
    System.out.println("Hi " + name + " !");
}

and execute jeka hi. you notice that your change has been automatically taken in account without any extra action from your part.

You can add as many public void no-args methods or public fields in your scripts. The accepted public field types are mentioned here.

Tip

You can document your script by annotation Class, public fields or public method with @JkDoc annotation. This will be visible when executing: jeka script: --doc. Note that only part before first breaking line of the doc content will be displayed as summary.

Define JDK version¶

We can select which JDK will run the script bu using properties

Edit jeka.properties:

jeka.java.version=22

Executing jeka hello will trigger a download of JDK 22 (if not already present), prior executing the script. JeKa caches the downloaded JDKs in [USER HOME]/.jeka/cache/jdks.

This is possible to choose another distribution by using the following properties :

jeka.java.version=21
jeka.java.distrib=graalvm

If you don't want JeKa manage distribution for you, you can choose explicitly the SDK location:

jeka.java.version=17
jeka.sdk.17=/my/jdks/17-corretto

Note

The properties can also be set by using system properties or OS Environment variables. Continuous Integration machine can define env variables as jeka.sdk.17 to override the SDK location.

Define JeKa version¶

Your script may depends of some unstable JeKa APIs. To make sure your script will always work, whatever JeKa version is installed at client/user side, mention the following properties in jeka.properties, as :

jeka.version=0.11.0

Add dependencies¶

Your script can depends on libs located in a Maven repository, or on folder/jar located on file system.

Annotate Script class with :

import dev.jeka.core.tool.JkInjectClasspath;

@JkInjectClasspath("com.github.lalyos:jfiglet:0.0.9")
class Script extends KBean {

... and execute jeka intellij: iml to use the imported library in IDE.

Add a method with following body:

public void ascii() throws Exception {
    System.out.println(FigletFont.convertOneLine("Hello"));
}

... and execute jeka ascii. This will display on console :

  _   _      _ _       
 | | | | ___| | | ___  
 | |_| |/ _ \ | |/ _ \ 
 |  _  |  __/ | | (_) |
 |_| |_|\___|_|_|\___/

This library has no transitive dependency, but it could have. Try to import any library with transitive dependencies and execute jeka --inspect. This displays runtime information about JeKa run, including the resulting classpath.

You can add, as many @JkInjectClasspath annotations you need, on the class.

Note

JeKa also accept JBang notation for declaring dependencies. You can use //DEPS com.github.lalyos:jfiglet:0.0.9" in place of @JkInjectClasspath("com.github.lalyos:jfiglet:0.0.9")

Use BOM dependencies¶

In some cases, we may need to use a BOM dependency which provides versioning information on other dependencies we might use.

@JkInjectClasspath("com.google.cloud:libraries-bom::pom:5.0.0")
@JkInjectClasspath("com.google.cloud:google-cloud-storage")
@JkInjectClasspath("com.google.cloud:oogle-cloud-bigquery")

Dependencies on file system¶

There is 2 way of adding local file system dependencies :

simply add a jar in jeka-boot dir (create this dir if not present)
annotate class with @JkInjectClasspath()

@JkInjectClasspath("../other-project/mylib.jar")
@JkInjectClasspath("../other-project/my-classes")

Define dependencies with properties¶

Dependencies can also be mentioned using the jeka.inject.classpath= property in jeka.properties file.

jeka.inject.classpath=\
  com.google.cloud:libraries-bom::pom:5.0.0 \
  com.google.cloud:google-cloud-storage \
  com.google.cloud:oogle-cloud-bigquery

Add compilation directives¶

Classes from jeka-src are compiled behind-the-scene prior of being executed.

We can inject some compilation directive to the compiler by annotating the Script class with @JkInjectCompileOption().

For example we can turn off some warning messages using

@JkInjectCompileOption("-Xlint:-options")

Multi-file scripts¶

jeka-src can host as many scripts and utility classes as you need. For now, we have a single class located in default package, but we could have located Script.java in org.example the same way.

Creating many script classes in a single project isn't a common use case but it will help to understand some concepts related to KBeans

In the existing project, create a new class Build.java at the root of jeka-src. This class should extend KBean.

Add a public void no-args method foo in this class

import dev.jeka.core.tool.KBean;

public class Build extends KBean {

    public void foo() {
        System.out.println("Method 'foo()' is running.");
    }
}

and execute jeka foo to notice that this method is actually run.

Execute jeka hello. You should get the following error message
```
ERROR: Unmatched argument at index 0: 'hello'
```
This is because, we did not mention the KBean to use as default when invoking method. JeKa explores jeka-src, with width-first strategy, to find the first class implementing KBean. In this case, Build.java won.

Execute jeka foo. It should display:
```
Method 'foo()' is running.
```
To execute a method of a specific KBean, we should mention it explicitly as: jeka [kbean]: [method].

Execute: jeka script: hello. This should display on console:
```
Hello World !
```
We can specify the KBean to use as default using jeka.default.kbean=property in jeka.properties.
```
jeka.default.kbean=script
```
You can check the actual default KBean, by executing jeka --inspect and check for the Default KBean entry.
Note

A given KBean class can accept many names to be referenced :
- Its fully qualified class name (as org.eaxample.kbeans.MyCoolKBean)
- Its short class name (as MyCoolKBean))
- Its short class name withj uncapitalized first-letter (as myCoolKBean)
- If the class name is ending with 'KBean', the KBean suffix can omitted (as myCool)

Configure default values¶

We can override the value of public fields of KBeans by using properties as :

@script.name=Everybody

Add the last properties tou your jeka.properties file and xecute 'jeka hello'. You should get ::

Hello Everybody

Make KBeans interact with each other¶

KBean mechanism plays a central role in JeKa ecosystem. In the following section, we will play around it to make you more familiar with.

Set jeka.default.kbean=script property in the jeka.properties file and remove @script.name=Everybody added in previous step.
```
jeka.default.kbean=script
```
Also, make sure that Script.java and Build.java are still present in jeka-src dir.

Add the following method in Build.java

public class Build extends KBean {

    @Override
    protected void init() {
        Script script = load(Script.class);  //  Get the singleton Script instance
        script.name = "Mates";           
    }

The init() method is called when a Kbean singleton is initialized by JeKa engine.

Now, execute jeka script: hello build:. This initializes script and build KBean singletons then invokes Script.hello() method.
```
Hello Mates !
```
What has happened ? JeKa has initialized script and build KBeans, then has invoked Script.hello() method. All KBeans to be initialized, are initialized prior any KBean method is invoked.
If you simply execute jeka script: hello, you'll notice that this display Hello world. This is because build is not initialized anymore.

You can force it to be always initialized, by adding @build= property to jeka-properties file.

Add it and retry jeka script: hello. It should display Hello Mates

Classpath KBeans¶

We distinct local KBeans (which are Java sources file defined in jeka-src) from classpath KBeans (which are compiled classes lying in the Jeka classpath).

Execute: jeka --doc to list all available KBeans. You'll notice the standard KBeans section that mentions all KBeans bundled with JeKa out-of-the-box (and always available). These are typically classpath KBeans.

For example, you can execute jeka admin: openHomeDir to open yourJeka Home directory.

Add KBeans to classpath¶

Adding KBeans to classpath just consists in adding a dependency that contains a KBean class.

You can use jeka.inject.classpath properties as :

jeka.inject.classpath=\
  dev.jeka:springboot-plugin  \
  dev.jeka:sonarqube-plugin \
  dev.jeka:openapi-plugin:0.11.0.1

or declare it using @JkInjectClasspath annotation in any class from jeka-src.

Note

When omitting the version for a dependency of group 'dev.jeka', as in 'dev.jeka:springboot-plugin', JeKa uses its own running version for resolving the coordinate. This is due that most of extension with 'dev.jeka' group share released in the same time than JeKa.

Example with NodeJs¶

This is also possible to augment classpath dynamically from the command line, using the -cpoption.

In this example, we'll add the nodeJs plugin. The plugin doanload Nodejs version 2à.12.2 (if needed) and then execute the specified command line.

jeka -cp=dev.jeka:nodejs-plugin nodeJs: version="20.12.2" exec cmdLine="npx cowsay Hello"

This should display:

Directory not found /Users/jerome/temp-jeka-tests/client-js, use current dir as working dir.
Task: start-program >npx cowsay Hello
       _______
      < Hello >
       -------
              \   ^__^
               \  (oo)\_______
                  (__)\       )\/\
                      ||----w |
                      ||     ||

You can have more info about NodeJs plugin by executing

jeka -cp=dev.jeka:nodejs-plugin nodeJs: --doc